The Farmer of the Mind: Cultivating Mastery Over Thought

I have heard that on one occasion the Blessed One was staying at Sāvatthī, in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapinḍika’s monastery. It was the rainy season, and the forest hummed with the soft patter of raindrops falling upon leaves. The scent of wet earth filled the air, and a gentle mist curled around the trees.

A great assembly of monks had gathered, their saffron robes glowing in the dim light of dawn. They sat in deep silence, their hands folded in reverence, awaiting the Blessed One’s words. He gazed upon them, his serene face illuminated by the morning light, and addressed them:

“Monks!”

“Yes, lord,” the monks replied in unison.

The Blessed One spoke:

“When a monk is intent on the heightened mind, there are five themes he should attend to at appropriate times. Which five?

“There is the case where evil, unskillful thoughts—connected with desire, aversion, or delusion—arise in a monk while he is referring to and attending to a particular theme. He should attend to another theme, apart from that one, connected with what is skillful. As he does so, those unskillful thoughts are abandoned and subside. With their abandoning, he steadies his mind, settles it, unifies it, and concentrates it.

“But if those thoughts persist, he should reflect on their drawbacks: ‘These thoughts lead to suffering. They darken the mind. They are thorns in the path of peace.’ Just as a traveler carrying a heavy sack realizes that dropping the burden brings relief, so too should the monk see how abandoning unwholesome thoughts brings lightness to the heart.

“If even then the thoughts persist, he should withdraw his attention—he should give them no mind. As a man walking through a marketplace ignores the clamor of voices around him and focuses only on his path, so too should the monk disregard the noise of unwholesome thoughts.

“If they still do not subside, he should attend to the relaxing of thought-fabrication, gently calming the movement of the mind. Just as a potter, shaping a vessel, slows the turning of his wheel to smooth its edges, so too does the wise monk soften the momentum of thought, guiding it toward stillness.

“And finally, should all else fail, he should take up the final method—firm and resolute. With teeth clenched and tongue pressed against the roof of his mouth, he should subdue the mind with force, constraining and crushing the unwholesome impulses with clear awareness, as a strong man might subdue a wild beast.

The Parable of the Two Farmers

The Blessed One paused, then continued:

“Monks, this is like two farmers who inherited the same land.

“One farmer was negligent and careless. He did not prepare his field properly. He let weeds grow alongside the crops, believing they would not harm the harvest. When pests came, he did not chase them away, thinking they would leave on their own. When the sun was too hot, he cursed the sky but did not shade his plants. And when the rains came, he lamented his ruined field but had done nothing to build proper irrigation.

“In the end, his harvest was meager, his efforts wasted. He blamed the land, the weather, and misfortune, but never did he see that it was his own negligence that had led to his failure.

“The other farmer was diligent and wise. He knew the land required effort. He removed the weeds as soon as they sprouted, before their roots took hold. When pests arrived, he drove them away with patience and care. If the sun was too harsh, he adjusted his crops and provided shade. When the rains came, he had already prepared the channels to guide the water where it was needed.

“In the end, his harvest was abundant, his granaries full. When asked the secret to his success, he simply smiled and said, ‘I cared for my field, and in return, it cared for me.’

“Monks, the untrained mind is like the lazy farmer’s field—overrun by weeds of desire, pests of aversion, and floods of delusion. But the well-trained mind is like the diligent farmer’s field—protected, cultivated, and yielding the fruits of wisdom.

“Just as the wise farmer does not despair when weeds appear but instead removes them skillfully, so too should you train your minds.

“Do not be disheartened when unskillful thoughts arise. Attend to them wisely, knowing that a well-tended mind, like a well-tended field, leads to a bountiful harvest—peace, clarity, and liberation.

The Power of a Well-Trained Mind

The Blessed One looked over the assembly and continued:

“Monks, you may ask, ‘What is the fruit of a well-trained mind?’ I will tell you.

“It is like a still lake in the heart of the forest. The surface is clear and unmoving, reflecting the moon and the stars without distortion. When an animal approaches to drink, it sees its own reflection perfectly. In such a lake, the sky, the trees, and the mountains appear as they are, undisturbed.

“But an untrained mind is like a lake constantly churned by the wind. Its waters are muddy, and no reflection can be seen. Even if the stars shine above, they are lost in the restless movement of the waves.

“When a monk, by these five methods, steadies his mind, unifies it, and concentrates it, he becomes a master of thought sequences. He thinks only what he chooses to think, and does not think what he does not. He has broken the bonds of craving and aversion. He has seen through conceit, and with right view, has reached the end of suffering and stress.

“Monks, train yourselves well. Be like the diligent farmer. Master the field of your own mind. Be like the still lake, where truth is seen clearly. For in doing so, you will not only benefit yourselves but all beings who come into your presence.”

The Awakening of the Monks

As the Blessed One spoke, a great stillness settled over the gathering. Some monks felt their minds clear as if a veil had been lifted. Others, who had struggled with restless thoughts, felt their burdens lighten. Among them was a young monk who had long battled with doubt.

That night, he sat beneath a great tree, reflecting on the Blessed One’s words. He thought of the two farmers and saw himself in the lazy one. But now, he resolved to change. He would uproot his weeds, guard his field, and let no impurity take hold.

With renewed determination, he entered deep meditation. As the night passed, his mind grew still, and as the first light of dawn touched the horizon, insight arose within him. He saw the nature of thought, the impermanence of all things, and in that moment, a great joy filled his heart.

The next morning, when the monks gathered once more before the Blessed One, the young monk stepped forward, bowed deeply, and said, “Lord, the field of my mind is now tended. The weeds are gone. The path is clear.”

The Blessed One smiled, his eyes filled with knowing. “Then, monk, walk that path with diligence. For now, you have truly begun.”

That is what the Blessed One said. Deeply inspired, the monks rejoiced in the words of the Blessed One, and many resolved then and there to train with renewed vigor, knowing that mastery over the mind was the key to liberation.

Link: https://wisdomtea.org/2025/04/03/the-farmer-of-the-mind-cultivating-mastery-over-thought/